Sunday, November 13, 2011

Outline

Martin Luther, a musical theologian


I.  Thesis Paragraph  (Thesis statement as well as a little background on Luther)

II.  Body

A:  Early Life
                1.  Theological training
                2.  Musical training

B.  Philosophy of music
                1.  Philosophy of music
                2.  Music as a tool for education

C.  Theology of Music
                 1.  Freedom and the Law
                 2,  Creation, Fall, and Redemption
                 3.  Musical examples  (A Mighty Fortress)

III.  Closing Paragraph(s)




l’Orfeo – Monteverdi Opera


La Orfeo is a story is derived from a ancient Greek myth that was handed down over the generations.

 The Opera begins by introducing the two protagonists, Orfeo and Euridice, who are preparing for marriage.

In Act 2, Orfeo is informed that Euridice has received a fatal snakebite. Orfeo, after grieving, decides to chase after Euridice into the Underworld and persuade its ruler to permit her to come back to life.
In Act 3, Orfeo is guided to the gates of Hades by Speranza and is then confronted by the ferryman, Caronte. He refuses to take Orfeo across the River Styx, but Orfeo tricks Caronte and steals his boat to cross.

In Act 4, Proserpina, the Queen of Hades, asks the King, Plutone, to release Euridice and he agrees. But he gives a caution to Orfeo – he must not look back as he leads Euridice out of Hades or she must stay. Orfeo starts to lead Euridice out but is then struck by the thought that perhaps she is not following. He turns and looks back causing Euridice to fade away singing,  "Losest thou me through too much love?"
 Finally, in Act 5, Orfeo is invited by Apollo to enter into heaven where he will be able to recognize Euridice in the stars. Orfeo follows and sings of the grace that follows sorrow.

I liked the themes that were portrayed in the story, themes of abiding love, loyalty, and persistance.  The theme that I found particularly interesting throughout was that music is extremely powerful, even supernatural.  This is representative of the Greek doctrine of ethos which experiencied a rebirth during the Rennaissance, and was still popualar at the time this opera was written.  In the story,  Orfeo possessed such a musical gift that he was able to influence the behavior of both the humans and the gods to overcome Hades and to [almost] lead his wife back to the world of the living.

Response to Guesaldo, Nobleman Musician

It is clear from the letter that was written that Guesaldo was a true lover of music and quite capable of playing and composing.  He loved music so much that although it was not proper to call himself a musician because he was a nobleman, he chose to identify as a musician defying convention.
 The writer of the letter noted that Guesaldo did not wish for a night to pass without partaking in music, so when they could not find a harpsichord in the entire city,  he played the lute for an hour and a half.
 It was clear that Guesaldo played well because the author alluded to it, but stopped short at proclaiming him to be skillful, instead preferring to let "more refined ears" be the judge of Giuseppe's skill.
Guesaldo apparently loved to talk about music.  I loved how the author of the letter described Guesaldo's passion for talking about music "at such lenghth that I have not heard so much in a whole year."

Guesaldo was clearly a very passionate man.  This is evident not only from his music which was described as "full of attitude" and extraordinary, but also from the fact that he murdered his unfaithful wife along with her lover.  Anyone would be upset about having an unfaithful wife, but murdering them both is kind of an extreme reaction.  This type of extreme behavior also seems to manifest itself in Guesaldo's music which was described as 
being taken to "unheard of extremes of dissonance and chromaticism."  It appears that Guesaldo's extreme personality was expressed in his music.
Guesaldo did not appear to be blund by conventional rules or social graces.  He apparently loved to hear himself talk and didn't care that the author of the letter was obviously a bit overhelmed. Power dynamics were clearly in play as Guesaldo was a nobleman, and the author of the letter didn't have a choice but to listen politely.  

Guesaldo wore a long overcoat which was noted to have been out of the ordinary, and he was obsessed with music and hunting.  I think if he lived today,  he would be a gothic musician, perhaps a musician who enjoys pushing the limits of convention and focusing on dark subject matter.  He clearly did not concern himself with proper table manners, proper dress, or even proper behavior for a nobleman.  He was a man who liked to push the limits and do what pleased himself, even if this was pushed the boundaries of his society. 
In today's world, Guesaldi would be much freer to pursue his musical passion. He would most likely enjoy any controversy generated by his art, as controversy tends to elevate the status of the artist (particularly artists who actually have talent, and it's clear that he did), and artists are held in much higher regard today. Perhaps Guesaldo was born in the wrong century. 

Saturday, November 12, 2011

Monteverdi: Sí dolce èl tormento

This song was written in Italian.  The English translation to the lyrics is below.
So sweet is the torment 
in my breast 
that happily do I live 
for cruel beauty. 
In the heaven of beauty 
let cruelty grow 
and mercy be lacking: 
for my faith will always 
be as a rock, 
in the face of pride. 

Let deceitful hope 
turn away from me, 
let neither joy nor peace 
descend on me. 
And let the wicked girl 
whom I adore 
deny me the solace 
of sweet mercy: 
amid infinite pain, 
amid hope betrayed, 
my faith will survive. 

The hard heart 
that stole mine away 
has never felt love’s flame. 
The cruel beauty 
that charmed my soul 
withholds mercy, 
so let it suffer, 
repentant and languishing, and 
let it sigh one day for me.


The lyrics are both beautiful and sad.  The music is also beautiful and sad.  I was able to hear it sung by a male tenor and a female soprano.  I cannot decide which I liked better.  Both were done very well.


The melody was very beautiful and the instrumental accompaniment was also beautiful.  The melody began with a descending line that occurred repeatedly throughout the song.   Both of the vocalists were able to express the emotion in their singing and it was very moving.


At times there was a violin or viola that played the melody line alone and also with the vocal part.  This added a lot to the beauty and melancholy tone of the piece.  The other instrumental accompaniment was a lute.  I loved how the instruments and the voice fit together so well to create such beautiful music.

Sunday, November 6, 2011

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

This is the Kyrie from the The Missa Papae Marcelli, written in 1567.  This music is incredibly beautiful.  I find it to be very moving and expressive, almost transcendent, like a choir of angels.


It is difficult for me to describe what I find so beautiful about it.  It is something about the smoothness of the voices and and how they move so beautifully.  


Since I wasn't able to pick out any of the features myself that worked to create this beautiful sound, i had to do a little research.  I learned that some of the methods that Palestrina employed were:  keeping the dissonances on the weak beats only, keeping the flow of the music dynamic, and avoiding leaps in the melody.  If there was a leap it was followed by a step,(This was Fux' s description of his methods which I was able to find on Wikipedia).


I listened again to this piece with those methods in mind and was able to hear how he did indeed employ these methods to create such a beautiful, fluid sound.    

Fair Phyllis- John Farmer

I found this song to be very delightful.  It was a light-hearted and a little bit silly, a nice contrast from the sacred themes or the poetic themes.  This was fun silly song about a shepherd searching for his love, fair Phyllis.  It is a great example of word painting.

This is the text of the song:

Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all alone
Feeding her flock near to the mountain side.
The shepherds knew not,they knew not whither she was gone
,But after her lover Amyntas hied
,Up and down he wandered
whilst she was missing;
When he found her,
O then they fell a-kissing.


The word painting in this song was very easy to pick out and was almost a little humorous.  It begins a solo voice which fits the words "Fair Phyllis I saw her sitting all alone".  Then all the voices come in to sing the second line about feeding her flock, to represent the flock.  


While she was missing the voices are not together and it sounds slightly chaotic.  The most obvious example is when they sing "up and down" over and over again.  The melody starts at a higher pitch for the word "up" and then descends for the word "down"  At the end when her lover finds her all the voices come together for when "they fell a-kissing".  


I thought the song was adorable, lighthearted and fun. 

Solo e Pensoso- Luca Morenzio

I first heard this piece in class and loved it even though it was given as an example of a mannered style because of the chromatic ism and word painting that was so prevalent at the end of the Renaissance.  I was able to find several recordings of this piece and also find the English translation.


Alone and deep in thought
I measure with slow and lingering steps
the deserted fields,
ready to flee if my eyes discern
a human footprint in the sand.
No other defense have I,
that will save me from
the knowing glances of mankind,
for in my looks, bereft of joy,
one may read outwardly
how I burn within.
So that now I think
only the mountains and the hillsides,
the streams and forests,
know the temper of my life,
that which is hidden from all men.
Yet no path is so harsh, so savage,
that Love cannot find a way to join me,
and to speak to me,
and for me to respond.

This is a beautiful poem, written by the famous poem Petrarch.  I believe that  Morenzo did a wonderful job setting it to music and conveying the emotions.  I loved the chromatic scale that ascended at the beginning and then descended.  This is a great representation of the beginning of the text which says "Alone and deep in thought
I measure with slow and lingering steps". (word painting)


I thought that not only did it represent the text, but it also sounded beautiful and interesting.  I love the mixture of the the women's voice with the men's.  After listening to so much vocal music that has only men's voices, this is quite refreshing.  


I think i also picked up on more word painting in the paragraph that mentioned mountains, hills, streams, and forests because the melody line ascended and descended.  

Overall i thought this was a beautiful poem set to beautiful music that was quite effective at expressing the emotion.  i enjoyed it very much.